Learn simple Sanskrit
| विभक्ति (Case) | एकवचनम् (Singular) | द्विवचनम् (Dual) | बहुवचनम् (Plural — more than two) |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रथमा (Nominative Case) | सः — he / that | तौ — those two / they two | ते — they / those |
| द्वितीया (Accusative Case) | तम् — him / that | तौ — those two / them two | तान् — them / those |
| तृतीया (Instrumental Case) | तेन — by him / with him / by that | ताभ्याम् — by / with those two | तैः — by them / with them / by those |
| चतुर्थी (Dative Case) | तस्मै — to him / for him / to that | ताभ्याम् — to / for those two | तेभ्यः — to them / for them / to those |
| पञ्चमी (Ablative Case) | तस्मात् — from him / from that | ताभ्याम् — from those two | तेभ्यः — from them / from those |
| षष्ठी (Genitive Case) | तस्य — his / of him / of that | तयोः — of those two | तेषाम् — their / of them / of those |
| सप्तमी (Locative Case) | तस्मिन् — in him / in that / on that | तयोः — in / on those two | तेषु — in them / among them / in those |
Examples for each vibhakti are given below:
| विभक्तिः (Case) | एकवचनम् (Singular) | द्विवचनम् (Dual) | बहुवचनम् (Plural) |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रथमा (Nominative) | सः छात्रः अस्ति। — He is a student. | तौ छात्रौ स्तः। — Those two are students. | ते छात्राः सन्ति। — They are students. |
| द्वितीया (Accusative) | अहं तम् पश्यामि। — I see him. | अहं तौ पश्यामि। — I see those two. | अहं तान् पश्यामि। — I see them. |
| तृतीया (Instrumental) | अहं तेन सह गच्छामि। — I go with him. | अहं ताभ्याम् सह गच्छामि। — I go with those two. | अहं तैः सह गच्छामि। — I go with them. |
| चतुर्थी (Dative) | अहं तस्मै फलम् ददामि। — I give a fruit to him. | अहं ताभ्याम् फलानि ददामि। — I give fruits to those two. | अहं तेभ्यः फलानि ददामि। — I give fruits to them. |
| पञ्चमी (Ablative) | अहं तस्मात् पुस्तकम् प्राप्नोमि। — I receive a book from him. | अहं ताभ्याम् पुस्तकानि प्राप्नोमि। — I receive books from those two. | अहं तेभ्यः पुस्तकानि प्राप्नोमि। — I receive books from them. |
| षष्ठी (Genitive) | एतत् तस्य पुस्तकम् अस्ति। — This is his book. | एतत् तयोः गृहम् अस्ति। — This is the house of those two. | एतत् तेषाम् विद्यालयः अस्ति। — This is their school. |
| सप्तमी (Locative) | तस्मिन् ग्रामे मन्दिरम् अस्ति। — There is a temple in that village. | तयोः ग्रामयोः मन्दिरे स्तः। — There are temples in those two villages. | तेषु ग्रामेषु मन्दिराणि सन्ति। — There are temples in those villages. |
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